Sarawak (Negeri Sarawak), formerly known as Sarawak, or simply Sarawak, with the capital city of Kuching, is known as the "Hornbill Country". Sarawak is located in the northern part of Borneo, bordering Indonesia in the south and Brunei and Sabah in the north, and is the largest state in Malaysia, with a total area of 124,450 square kilometers, a total population of 2,767,600 (December 2017), and is composed of 23 ethnic groups, and has a tropical rainforest climate, with two-thirds of the land being tropical rainforest areas. As of January 2018, Sarawak has 12 provinces, namely Kuching, Seri Aman, Sibu, Miri, Limemun, Surigi Street, Gapo, Semarahan, Bintulu, Muar, Muzhong, and Silien.The per capita income of Sarawak in 2016 was RM44,333, which is higher than the Malaysian per capita income of RM38,887.Sarawak has a population of 2,767,600 square kilometers (January 2018), with a total population of 2,767,600 square kilometers (January 2017), comprising of 23 ethnic groups. Sarawak was historically part of Brunei, and in 1841 the British James Brooke was appointed Governor of Sarawak for assisting the Sultan of Brunei in successfully suppressing a rebellion, and in the following year declared that Sarawak had seceded from Brunei to become an independent kingdom, the Brooke Dynasty. With the outbreak of World War II, Sarawak was subjected to Japanese rule. After the surrender of Japan, the British Army set up a military control zone in Sarawak, which later became a British Crown Colony in 1946. On the premise of joining Malaysia, the Sarawakians gained autonomy on July 22, 1963, when the British Governor of Sarawak, Alexander Waddell, announced the appointment of Stephen Kalong Ningkan as Chief Minister-designate, and on September 16, 1963, formally became part of Malaysia.