Longfeng District is located in the western part of Heilongjiang Province, the eastern part of Daqing City, is one of the central city of Daqing & ldquo; three stars & rdquo; east and Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone across the road, west of Daqing Petroleum Administration Oil Extraction Plant, four plants, north of Daqing Municipal People's Government, south of the border with the city of Anda. Longfeng District is a vast area, divided into Longfeng, Wolitun, Xinghua three blocks. Under the jurisdiction of a town & mdash; & mdash; Longfeng town, an area of 410 square kilometers, population of 200,000, of which, the rural population of 23,000, the existing arable land area of 45,000 acres, grassland area of 103,000 acres, the area of wasteland water of 88,000 acres. There are & ldquo; a field, three grass, two water, five parts of the barren & rdquo; said, very promising development. 1 City Overview 2 History 3 Modern Industry 4 Agricultural Economy 5 Transportation, Post and Telecommunications 6 Social Services 7 Material Resources 8 Population and Ethnicity 9 Infrastructure 10 Current Economic Situation 11 Urban Construction 12 Culture, Education, 13 Medical and Health 14 Wetlands in the City Longfeng District - Overview of the City Longfeng District Longfeng District Longfeng District is located in the eastern part of the city of Daqing, is one of the three central urban areas. , is one of the three central urban areas. It covers an area of 410 square kilometers and has a population of 200,000 people. The district has one town and five street offices under its jurisdiction, and 38 enterprises of Chinese, provincial and municipal governments, including Daqing Petrochemical General Factory and Daqing Petrochemical Company, are located in the district. Daqing Petrochemical General Factory, Daqing Petrochemical Company was founded in 1962, after more than 40 years of development, has formed an integrated production pattern of oil, chemical, fiber, fertilizer, plastic. There are 112 sets of production units and auxiliary units, with a primary crude oil processing capacity of 6 million tons/year, and an annual output of more than 3 million tons of four major types of products: steam, coal, diesel, and lubricant. It can produce 77 kinds of petrochemical products and 303 grades, which are sold well in 28 provinces, cities and autonomous regions of China, and exported to 29 countries and regions in the world. Daqing Petrochemical has become one of the important petrochemical production bases in China. There are 56,000 acres of arable land, 140,000 acres of grassland and 13,000 acres of water surface in the region. Our region is located in the subtropical transitional region, belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate, four distinct seasons, abundant light, heat resources. The average annual sunshine hours 2821 hours. The average annual temperature is 3.2 ℃, the frost-free period is 130-150 days, and the average precipitation is around 440 millimeters. Longfeng District - History Longfeng District mention Daqing, people will immediately be associated with the late 50's and early 60's of the heart-stopping oil field development spectacular, that man and nature's real fight, another unforgettable. Have you ever thought that the rolling oil to see the light of day at the same time, the ancient wilderness also appeared in a new city of oil, is to the world to show the patriotic, entrepreneurial, pragmatic, dedication of the spirit of Daqing. Daqing is the early sixties with the development and construction of oil fields and the birth and gradual development of new industrial cities, is located in northern China Songnen Plain, 140 kilometers from the ice city of Harbin in the east, 140 kilometers from the Crane Township Qiqihar in the west, which had been a piece of grassland and marshes, September 26, 1959, three wells of the Songji hit the oil, is the eve of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the country, it is called the Daqing Oilfield. Now has jurisdiction over Zhaozhou, Zhaoyuan, Lindian, Dulbert four counties, the city set up five administrative districts. The city has a total area of 21,494 square kilometers, of which 5,107 square kilometers in urban areas, with a population of 2.4 million. Daqing oil, petrochemical resources, oil field is the world's cumulative oil production of more than 1 billion tons of one of the 11 mega oil fields. 1995 production of 56 million tons of crude oil, has maintained a steady production of 50 million tons of crude oil more than 22 years. The city has several large and medium-sized petrochemical enterprises such as Daqing Petrochemical General Factory, Linyuan Oil Refinery, Heilongjiang Petrochemical Plant, Oilfield Chemical Auxiliaries Plant, Lianyi Petrochemical General Factory, etc., and its crude oil processing capacity has reached 15 million tons. With the development of oil, Daqing has gradually grown into a modern city with elegant environment and wide streets. Rising high-tech industrial development zones for the city to inject new life, investment in China's largest oil science and technology museums and indoor water arena has been opened to visitors, was listed as a national tourist attractions & ldquo; Ironman & rdquo; Wang Jinxi Memorial Museum and the country's only one international waterfowl hunting ground is a tourist attraction for visitors to the weave of the tourist attractions, in addition, scattered in the oilfield mining areas of the stadium, swimming pool, library, theater, clubs , libraries, theaters, clubs and a large number of infrastructure can be well integrated into the tourism product, well to meet the various needs of tourists in Daqing. Daqing city's natural scenery is also very distinctive: lakes and ponds, marshes, sand, grasslands, reeds, forests, continuous distribution, interspersed with each other, the scenery of primitive and simple, charming and beautiful landscape. Due to the natural natural conditions, it attracts a large number of precious birds, which inhabit and reproduce, constituting a unique landscape, and is a natural wetland with a vast area in the north of China. Longfeng District - Modern IndustryLongfeng DistrictLongfeng District has good development conditions and economic foundation. The petrochemical plant can produce 77 kinds of chemical products with 303 grades, which provides the most favorable conditions for the development of deep processing of petrochemical products. Relying on this advantage, a number of star enterprises have emerged in the country, represented by Daqing Petrochemical Parts General Factory and Acetic Anhydride Factory. The state-level township industrial district has taken shape, with 256 enterprises entering the district, attracting a total capital of 15,000 million yuan. On the basis of economic development, education, culture, health and other undertakings have appeared a good situation of coordinated development. Longfeng District - Agricultural EconomyLongfeng DistrictLongfeng District has a prosperous economy with strong economic strength. Basic industries based on location advantages, above the vegetables, the rise of pastoral support, efforts to create regional specialization characteristics, the initial formation of the shed vegetables, pig farming based on a variety of business agricultural pattern, as of the end of 1999, the vegetable planting area of 12,000 acres, the construction of & ldquo; 43 & rdquo; type greenhouse 660, the stock of pigs up to 1.2 million, the per capita income of farmers 3,340 yuan. Dominant industries to township enterprises, the formation of chemical and chemical, machinery manufacturing, construction and building materials, three characteristic pillar industry system, the product range has reached 55 kinds, including color plate doors and windows, seamless elbow, flange and dozens of products have won a number of times the national, provincial and municipal high-quality product title, in 1999 the output value of the township enterprises has reached 1.2 billion yuan. Longfeng District - Transportation post and telecommunications Longfeng District Longfeng District Longfeng District transportation is convenient, well-connected. Binzhou Railway runs through the whole territory, and the Northeast and North China Railway Network closely linked, communicating with the Northeast and North China hinterland, 301 National Highway runs diagonally through the district, becoming the district and Harbin and other areas south of the region, Qiqihar and other areas to the north of the intercommunication of the links and bridges. The terminal of the Harbin-Dalian Expressway in the district, from Longfeng to the provincial capital of Harbin, the trip only takes more than 1 hour, long-distance buses can directly access more than 40 cities and counties in and outside of the province, the area of the countryside through the car rate of 100%. Area from Harbin river terminal is only 150 kilometers away from the Dalian port less than 1,000 kilometers, where there are to the country's major ports of the passenger liner and to Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, the Persian Gulf, South Africa and other countries and regions of the regular cargo liner; Longfeng from Harbin, Qiqihar two airports are only more than 2 hours away from where you can fly to Hong Kong, Tokyo, Seoul, and other countries and regions, the well-developed Transportation has made Longfeng become the gateway to Daqing's foreign contacts. Longfeng District - social undertakings Longfeng District's future in the development of Longfeng District's development by opening up. The district's 160,000 people will be "innovative, realistic, hard-working, progressive" spirit of Longfeng, to increase openness and attract investment. District government will introduce the most favorable policies, create the most excellent environment, provide the best quality service. Township industrial development demonstration district, Longyong Road Economic Development Zone, agricultural wholesale market will provide all investors with space to display their talents and performance. Longfeng District - Material ResourcesLongfeng DistrictLongfeng District has a superior regional natural geography. The region is located in the Songnen Plain and has a continental climate. The black soil is flooded with gold and is extremely rich in resources. Underground contains oil, natural gas, soil alkali, soil salt, soil nitrate and other natural resources, for the development of oil, petrochemicals provides a unique natural conditions, now Longfeng District has become one of the largest petrochemical production base in the country. The ten thousand acres of good land on the ground is known for its abundant production of corn, soybeans and vegetables. Available grassland area of 3.6 million acres, is the development of animal husbandry natural pasture; natural water area of 100,000 acres, lush reeds are conducive to the development of the paper industry, the fish can be raised water surface of 4,380 acres, scattered bubble swamp water surface every year to provide more than 10 kinds of freshwater fish. There are more kinds of wild medicinal herbs in the region, mainly more than 20 kinds of psyllium, Yuanzhi, lily, diclofenac, licorice, wolfsbane and water saffron. Longfeng Park and Hongqi Bubble Reservoir are like two bright jewels set in the Longfeng District, the establishment of the Daqing Longfeng Nature Reserve, to add an important attraction to the urban travel and tourism in Daqing. Longfeng District - Population ethnic Longfeng District has an area of 410 square kilometers and a population of 160,000 people. There are three major power plants in the district, a national high-tech industrial development zone, and the Daqing Petrochemical Plant, a large petrochemical joint venture known throughout China and abroad, is located in the district. With the eastward movement of municipal construction, this area will gradually become the political, economic and cultural center of Daqing. Longfeng District - Infrastructure Longfeng convenient transportation, is the first gateway in and out of Daqing, Hada Highway from here to extend the city, 301 National Highway throughout the territory, Binzhou Railway in the area with two stations: Longfeng Railway Station, Wolitun Railway Station, Harbin, Qiqihar airport can be reached in two hours. Longfeng Thermal Power Plant, Oilfield Thermal Power Plant, Petrochemical Company Thermal Power Plant and other three major power plants in the area, adequate power resources. Communication is relatively developed, the city telephone penetration rate is above 95%, and direct calls can be made with 195 countries and regions. Financial institutions in the district are sound, and international and domestic funds exchange and settlement are convenient and quick. Longfeng District - Economic Status Longfeng District In recent years, Longfeng District adheres to & ldquo; industrial rich district, project strong district & rdquo; unswervingly, the project construction as the implementation of the first priority of the entry point to grasp, and constantly innovate the project development concepts, optimize the project service mode, improve the quality of the project operation, increase the total number of project groups. As of the end of 2004, the introduction of a total of 162 industrial projects, of which more than 100 million yuan 10 projects, more than 30 projects of 10 million yuan, with a total project investment of 1.138 billion yuan, all put into operation after the effect of the annual sales revenue of 3.108 billion yuan, 225 million yuan of profits and taxes, and 4,100 people to achieve employment. In 2005, 20 new industrial projects are planned to realize industrial output value of 4.3 billion yuan, added value of 1.31 billion yuan, 1.73 billion yuan in profits and taxes, respectively, compared with the previous year's growth of 26.5%, 37.9%, 12.9%; of which more than large-scale industries to achieve an added value of 599 million yuan, 0.75 billion yuan of industrial profits and taxes, an increase of 35.8%, 13.6%. In recent years, Longfeng District adhere to the & ldquo; industrial rich district, project strong district & rdquo; unswervingly, the project construction as the implementation of the first priority of the entry point to grasp, and constantly innovate the concept of project development, optimize the project service mode, improve the quality of the project operation, increase the total number of project groups. As of the end of 2004, the introduction of a total of 162 industrial projects, of which more than 100 million yuan 10 projects, more than 30 projects of 10 million yuan, with a total project investment of 1.138 billion yuan, all put into operation and achieve results, the annual sales revenue of 3.108 billion yuan, 225 million yuan of profits and taxes, and 4,100 people to achieve employment. 2005 plans for 20 new industrial projects, to achieve 4.3 billion yuan of industrial output value, Added value of 1.31 billion yuan, profit tax of 1.73 billion yuan, respectively, compared with the previous year's growth of 26.5%, 37.9%, 12.9%; of which the industry above designated size to achieve added value of 599 million yuan, 0.75 billion yuan of industrial profit tax, an increase of 35.8%, 13.6%. Longfeng District - City Construction Longfeng District In recent years, Longfeng District town construction closely around & ldquo;Strengthening the concept of operating the city, tapping urban resources, integration of urban assets, building investment platforms, financing channels, and make every effort to build the city ecological petrochemical new city. ” This idea, a total of 2.356 billion yuan of investment, demolition of all types of dilapidated and temporary illegal structures 386,000 square meters, the new construction of various types of engineering construction area of 1.266 million square meters, the transformation of 54.44 kilometers of roads and bridges, planting 736,000 trees, hardening, greening area of 804,000 square meters. The city infrastructure is constantly complete, the function of the urban area is improving day by day, the urban and rural environment is changing day by day. 1, infrastructure construction. Reconstruction of roads and bridges 54.44 kilometers, mainly including the construction of Fengyang Crossing Bridge, Longfeng Street reconstruction, Xinghua Street reconstruction, the Lake Road Project, Guangming Road widening and reconstruction, maintenance of Fengyang Road, etc. 2, the construction of small towns. Building area of 162,000 square meters, mainly including Longfu District, Yongquan Xincun. 3, the transformation of the old city. Building area of 1.266 million square meters, mainly including the former brewery bungalow area, the former Procuratorate, Nami Garden, Aulong District, Wanlong Homes, Ethylene Stadium, Ethylene Group Art Hall and other projects. 4, the environmental transformation of residential areas. The living environment of residential neighborhoods has been improved. Among them, an investment of 4.712 million yuan, 16 residential buildings in Fengxiang District, the implementation of the leveling of slopes, Fengxiang District and Longhua District, 155 units of the installation of visual electronic security doors, the transformation of the community's public infrastructure, etc. In addition, 15 sets of fitness equipment, 63 sets of tables and chairs for recreation were also installed. 5, the ecological construction situation. Mainly on both sides of the East Trunk Road, Fengxiang, Longhua residential neighborhoods and other places for greening, new green space 29.1 hectares, 380 acres of fallow forest. Among them, the investment of 2.86 million yuan, 3.6 kilometers of Longfu Road, Longhua Road, 0.6 kilometers of roads and Fengxiang, Longhua residential community greening, the construction of the three Yong suburban ecological park, 200 acres of returning farmland to forests, the factory West Ecological Park and Longfeng Street, Fengyang Road, Flower Street project. The environment around the nature reserve has been managed, and increased management and care. 2003, the North Twenty Mile Bubble was formally approved by the provincial government to be promoted to a provincial nature reserve. 6, the construction of lighting projects. Financing 13.03 million yuan, mainly on the Long Yong Road, Longbei Road, the outer ring road, Ansar Road and other sections of the road lighting, lighting a total length of 14.5 kilometers. 2003, the district's main streets, turnpike roads and Longfeng overpass bridge was lighted. Installation of air rose lighting tunnel lights 70, waterfall lights 7,000 square meters, air rose remote spotlights 6 groups, guardrail compartment lights 6,800. 7, urban environmental governance. Carried out the cleanup and rectification of illegal and unauthorized building, irregular plaque advertising, environmental management around the oil fields and other large-scale special rectification more than 50 times, especially during the SARS period, invested a large number of manpower, material resources, in the region launched a comprehensive environmental health rectification of the battle of the war, a total of more than 200,000 people, more than 4,000 vehicles, focusing on the urban and rural areas, urban villages, towns, bungalow areas, along the road, no one cleaned the area and other parts of plastic floating objects. Area and other parts of the plastic floating objects and accumulated garbage cleaned up; opened the city management law enforcement voice notification system, effectively stifling the & ldquo; city psoriasis & rdquo; the proliferation of; Longfeng Street, Fengyang Road and other sections of the road for greening, landscaping, beautification, important sections of the hanging of the national flag, lanterns, Chinese knots for decorative. Longfeng District - Culture and Education Longfeng District Longfeng has a high-standard library, theater, cultural and sports centers, national level swimming pools, Children's Palace, gymnasiums and other cultural and entertainment venues of multiple tastes; education is based on a solid foundation, with a relatively complete education system, the cultural quality of the whole population is high. In recent years, government-enterprise alliance, resource sharing, the establishment of rice-planting songs, calligraphy, art, taijiquan, Mulan fan, Peking Opera tickets, kites, pigeons, aerobics and other more than a dozen associations. Jurisdiction of the existing Longfeng Street Park Cultural Activity Square, Wolitun Xinghua Street Park Cultural Activity Square, Ethylene Street Park Cultural and Sports Activity Square, such as large and small cultural plaza 10; sports and cultural activities center 8 (Petrochemical General Plant Playground, Petrochemical General Plant Activity Center, Longfeng Thermal Power Plant Activity Center, the Oilfield Thermal Power Plant Activity Center, the Ethylene Science Palace, Longfeng Regional Culture and Arts Training Center Longfeng Children's Palace, Municipal Construction Second Company Activity Room, Longfeng District Veteran Cadre Activity Center); 7 movie theaters (Longfeng Children's Palace Theater, Ethylene Theater, Dahua Theater, Municipal Construction First Company Club, Municipal Construction Second Company Club, Oilfield Thermal Power Plant Activity Center, Longfeng Thermal Power Plant Club); 2 gymnasiums (Ethylene Gymnasium, Longfeng Gymnasium); 2 libraries (Ethylene Library, Longfeng Pre-Factory Library). Last year and the construction of a new Longfeng District Fengxiang Cultural Activities Square, ethylene large swimming pool, these cultural activities are well-equipped facilities, every day there are masses of cultural and sports activities, enriching the cultural life of the residents of the district. Longfeng District has 17 primary and secondary schools: four middle schools, 13 elementary school and one public kindergarten. The district has 796 full-time teachers, 146 teachers with senior titles, 420 teachers with intermediate titles, 163 teachers with titles below junior level, and 67 teachers with undefined positions, with a total of more than 12,287 primary and secondary school students in school and 266 children in the park. In recent years, the district party committee, the district government attaches great importance to the work of education, and constantly increase the financial investment in education, since 2001, the urban and rural governments have invested 33,139,200 yuan in education, the standardization of primary and secondary schools in our region has achieved remarkable results, urban and rural schools to improve the school environment greatly. Two schools in the district have reached the standard of the provincial class I school, and all other schools have reached the standard of the provincial class II school. In the classroom teaching, actively promote the application of modern teaching technology focusing on computer-assisted teaching, the implementation of multimedia optimization combined with the increasingly modern means of education. Nineteen middle schools, district a small, district five primary schools were built in the northeast Normal University network platform. School management is gradually standardized, scientific, modern direction. Through a series of school withdrawals and mergers, so that the existing layout of primary and secondary schools more reasonable and perfect, optimize the combination of teachers, a reasonable allocation of teaching resources. Longfeng District education system, the majority of teaching staff in the district party committee, under the leadership of the district government, full of pride, hard work, strive to achieve (high quality of education and teaching, high level of school management, high standards of teaching facilities, high quality of the teaching force) & ldquo; four high & rdquo; education development goals, to do the people's satisfaction with the education in the realization of the & ldquo; education district & rdquo; strategy Continuously enterprising, perpetual splendor. Longfeng District - Medical and Health Care Existing public medical institutions 58, including three hospitals (three A-class hospitals Block, two A-class hospitals 1), 828 medical and technical personnel. Longfeng District existing health administrative unit 1 (Longfeng District Health Bureau), state-owned institutions 4 (Longfeng District Health Bureau Health Supervision, Longfeng District Maternal and Child Health Station, Longfeng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longfeng District Hospital), Longfeng Township has a total of 9 village health centers (Qianjin Village, Jianxing Village, Xiangyang Village, Yingyong Village, Jiucheng Village, Tiedong Village, Baotian Village, Liu Master Village and Yongquan Community), municipal hospitals within the district 1 (Daqing Fifth Hospital). Longfeng District Health Bureau is responsible for the implementation of the party and state health guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and various technical standards and regulations. According to health regulations and standards, exercise supervision over public health, labor hygiene, food hygiene, maternal and child health, monitoring and supervision of major diseases and quality of medical care, the implementation of medical personnel qualifications recognized access system and medical institutions licensing system. There are 11 staff members. Longfeng District Maternal and Child Health Station is responsible for maternal and child health care in the district. There are 11 staff members. Longfeng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention is responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, immunization, health monitoring and tuberculosis prevention and control in the district. There are 23 staff members. Longfeng District Hospital was determined by the Daqing Municipal Health Bureau as Longfeng District & ldquo; love hospital & rdquo;, that is, Longfeng area of low-income people to visit the designated hospital. Responsible for 24 communities in the area, more than 6,800 urban low-income people's disease diagnosis and treatment and health education guidance. The existing medical staff of 130 people, including 120 health professionals and technicians, professor-level senior technical staff of 10 people, with more than 100 inpatient beds, with internal, external, gynecology, pediatrics, traditional Chinese medicine, five senses, stomatology, physical therapy, preventive health care, community health services and other more than 30 clinical specialties in the overall grade of medical equipment and comprehensive strength, has ranked in the same class of leading level. 2004, in order to strengthen the construction of the rural health system, to facilitate the construction of rural health, to facilitate the farmers' health care, and to improve the health of the rural population. Rural health system construction, to facilitate farmers to seek medical treatment. The district government invested more than 100 million yuan to build a new forward, Jianxing, Jiuqing, Tiedong, Baotian 5 village health centers, remodeled Xiangyang, Yingyong 2 village health centers. Because Liu master village health clinic office conditions in line with the standards of rural health clinics in Heilongjiang Province, Yongquan community from the Wolitun hospital is very close, so it is not included in the remodeling program. Each village health clinic building area of 130 square meters, while equipped with routine medical equipment. Combined with the actual situation of each village Jianxing village to implement the collective management, the rest of the village to implement individual contractors. At present, there are 29 medical personnel in 9 village health centers, including 5 attending physicians, 7 physicians, 8 nurses and 9 preventive doctors. The main tasks of each village health center are to provide basic medical services for the farmers in the village; to be responsible for maternal and child health care, planned immunization, reporting of infectious diseases and health education in the village; to assist the Patriotic Health Campaign Committee in carrying out the patriotic health campaign centered on elimination of diseases and extermination of pests, and to provide technical guidance for the renovation of the rural sanitary environment. Longfeng District - Wetlands in the CityDaqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Longfeng District's territory and is a wetland located in the city, only 8km from the center of the city.The geographic coordinates are longitude 125°07`-125°15`, latitude 46°28`-46°32`, with a total area of 5,050.39 hectares. Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the mid-latitude zone, belonging to the temperate continental monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons and large temperature difference. The average annual temperature is 4.5℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.8℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -39.2℃. The annual average is thawing and blistering in mid to late April and freezing in early November, with a frost-free period of 149 days and a freezing period of 176 days. The average annual precipitation is 435mm, and the terrain in the reserve is low-lying and flat, with interspersed bubbles and swamps, and the natural slope drop is less than one thousandth. The soil consists of meadow soil and swamp soil, of which swamp soil is the main soil type, and the distribution area accounts for about 80% of the total area of the nature reserve. According to the survey, there are 76 species of birds in the area, belonging to 7 orders and 16 families. Since the reserve is dominated by reed swamp habitats, swimming birds and wading birds make up the majority of the bird species. Among them, there are 5 species of national class I protected birds, 19 species of national class II protected birds and 19 species of provincial key protected birds. The representative birds are red-crowned cranes, white cranes, white-pillowed cranes, white storks, trumpeter swans, trumpeter swans, gray cranes, roan ducks, green-headed ducks, geese and ducks, black-winged sandpipers, red-billed gulls, silver gulls and so on. There are 45 species of fish in the reserve, belonging to 5 orders and 10 families. There are mainly carp, silver crucian carp, catfish, grass carp, loach and so on. There are 314 species of vascular plants, belonging to 64 families. Can be divided into meadows, swamps and aquatic vegetation 3 vegetation types, both medicinal plants, fiber plants, forage plants and other plant groups. There are mainly reeds, narrow-leaved cattail, narrow-leaved black trillium, dandelion, small-leaved camphor, goat grass, star grass, wild ancient grass and so on. Wetland is known as & ldquo; the kidney of the earth & rdquo; the name, Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is in the middle of the urban area, to regulate the regional climate, flood mitigation and prevention, regulating rainwater runoff, degradation of pollutants, and beautification of the urban environment, has played an irreplaceable role.