Tianjin, abbreviated as ‘津’, also known as Jingu and Jinmen, is a provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China, a municipality directly under the central government, a national central city, a megacity, the first batch of coastal open cities, a national advanced manufacturing research and development base, an international shipping core area in the north, a demonstration area for financial innovation and operation, and an advanced reform and opening-up area. As of 2022, Tianjin has 16 districts under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 11,966.45 square kilometres and a resident population of 13.63 million. Tianjin is located in the north of China, the northeast of the North China Plain, the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin, with the Bohai Sea to the east, the Yanshan Mountains to the north, the capital city of Beijing to the west, and the rest of the city neighbouring Hebei Province. It has a warm temperate semi-moist monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons. Tianjin is the main node of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, the strategic pivot point of the Maritime Silk Road, the intersection point of ‘One Belt, One Road’, and the nearest eastern starting point of Asia-Europe Continental Bridge. With its superior geographic location and traffic conditions, Tianjin has become an important hub connecting domestic and foreign countries, linking the north and south, and communicating with the east and west, and it is an important outlet to the sea for the neighbouring landlocked countries, and is the largest port city in northern China. It is the largest port city in northern China. Tianjin is a national famous historical and cultural city, which has emerged from ancient times due to the transport of grain and silk; after the middle of the Tang Dynasty, it became a land and water terminal for the northern transport of grain and silk from the south; in the Jin Dynasty, it set up the Zhigu Walled City at the mouth of Sanqiao River, where the North-South Canal meets the Hai River, the earliest establishment in Tianjin; in the Yuan Dynasty, it set up the ‘Haijin Town’, which was a major military town and a centre of grain and water transport; and in 1404, it formally built a city in Ming Dynasty. In the second year of the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1404), the city was formally built, which is the only city in ancient China with a record of the exact time of its founding. In 2023, the GDP of Tianjin was 1673.730 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year at constant prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 26.853 billion yuan, an increase of 1.2 per cent; the added value of the secondary industry was 598.262 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2 per cent; and the added value of the tertiary industry was 104.8615 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9 per cent. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)