Pudong New Area Pudong New Area is a sub-provincial municipal district of Shanghai, China, covering a triangular area between the east of the Huangpu River and the mouth of the Yangtze River, bordering Fengxian and Minhang districts to the south, and six districts of Xuhui, Luwan, Huangpu, Hongkou, Yangpu, and Baoshan across the Huangpu River to the west, and Chongming County across the Yangtze River to the north. The area of 1210.41 square kilometers (including the former Pudong New Area 532.75 square kilometers, the former Nanhui District 677.56 square kilometers), the population of 2.686 million people (of which 1.9429 million people in the former Pudong New Area, the former Nanhui District 743,100 people). 1992, the Chinese government made the decision to & ldquo; Development of Pudong & rdquo; Pudong New Area of the urban area. The face of Pudong New Area has changed a lot. Pudong International Airport was built in the new area east of the sea. Pudong New Area - Overview Pudong New Area Pudong New Area is an important part of Shanghai, is located in the east of the Huangpu River across the Shanghai Municipal District, with an area of 522 square kilometers and a population of 1.534 million. Due to the lack of bridges and tunnels on both sides of the Huangpu River, Pudong lags far behind the old downtown area of Shanghai in terms of economic development, although it is only separated from the bustling Shanghai Bund and Nanjing Road by a single river. on April 18, 1990, the Chinese government announced the development and opening up of Shanghai Pudong, proposing that the development and opening up of Pudong be the first step towards further opening up the cities along the Yangtze River, and that Shanghai be built as soon as possible into one of the international economic, financial and trade centers, driving the Yangtze River Delta and the whole Yangtze River Delta to a new level. The development and opening up of Pudong has led to a new leap in the economy of the Yangtze River Delta and the whole Yangtze River Basin. After more than ten years of development and opening up, Pudong's economy has developed at a high speed, and the city has undergone amazing changes. Pudong New Area has become Shanghai's new high-tech industry and modern industrial base, a new economic growth point in Shanghai, and the focus and symbol of China's reform and opening up in the 1990s. Pudong, relying on Shanghai's long-accumulated economic and social and cultural foundations, enjoying Shanghai's unique geographic advantages, transportation advantages, talent advantages and industrial advantages, thanks to the pioneering effect of the first reform and opening up, as well as the social environment of the political and social harmony, by people at home and abroad known as: & ldquo; the door to enter China's economy, to open up the Chinese market of the golden key to connect the bridge between China and the world economy & rdquo;. rdquo;. Pudong has rich cultural and tourism resources and many places of interest. 1997 the tourist attractions received more than 300 million visitors. A large number of hot spots with excursions. Unique Huaxia cultural tourism area brings together the Pudong garden attractions and the former residence of Song Qingling, Wu Changshuo Memorial Hall and other attractions, the local cultural atmosphere is rich. Pudong New Area - History Pudong New Area Pudong New Area was formerly known as Chuansha. It was a part of Huating County in 751, a part of Shanghai County in 1292, a part of Nanhui and Shanghai Counties since 1725, a part of Shanghai and Nanhui Counties since 1810, and a part of Chuansha Fumin Hall, a part of Chuansha County during the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, a part of Jiangsu Province, and a part of Shanghai Municipality since 1958, and a part of Huangpu District since 1984, when the areas of Tangqiao, Lujiazui, and Yangjing were transferred to Huangpu District, and Zhoujiadu was transferred to Pudong New Area. In 1984, the area around Tangqiao, Lujiazui, and Yangjing was assigned to Huangpu District, the area along the river from Zhoujiadu to Yangsi was assigned to the South Municipal District, and the area around Gaomiao, Dongchang Road, and Longdong Avenue was assigned to Yangpu District. 1990, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a decision on the development of Pudong, and the Administrative Committee of the Pudong New Area was set up in 1993. 1993 saw the abolition of the Chuansha County, which led to the establishment of the Pudong New Area. 2000 saw the official establishment of the People's Government of the Pudong New Area. Pudong New Area was established in 2000 with the establishment of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress and the Political Consultative Conference of Pudong New Area. 2005 marked the 15th anniversary of Pudong's development and opening up. 2005 saw the approval of the Office of the State Council of the State Council of the State Council of the State Council of the Pudong New Area as the first Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone of China. 2009 saw the approval of the State Council of the State Council of the State Council of the State Council of the State Council of China of the State Council of the State Council of China of abolishing the Nanhui District and merging Nanhui District into Pudong New Area. Pudong New Area - Administrative districtsPudong New Area mapPudong New AreaPudong New Area jurisdiction over 12 streets, 11 towns: Weifang Xincun Street, Lujiazui Street, Zhoujiadu Street, Tangqiao Street, Shanggang Xincun Street, South Wharf Road Street, Hudong Xincun Street, Jin Yang Xincun Street, Yangjing Street, Puxing Road Street, Dongming Road Street, Huamu Street, Chuansha New Town, Gaoqiao Town, Beicai Town, Heqing Town, Tang Town, Cao Lu Town, Jin Qiao Town, Gao Xing Town, Gao Dong Town, Zhang Jiang Town, San Lin Town, Airport Town, Yang Yuan Town. Former Nanhui District Former Nanhui District set up 1 street, 14 towns Street: Shengang Street Town: Huinan Town, Xinchang Town, Datuan Town, Zhoupu Town, Hangtou Town, Luchaogang Town, Kangqiao Town, Xuanqiao Town, Liuzao Town, Zhuqiao Town, Naicheng Town, Shuyuan Town, Wanxiang Town, Laogang Town Pudong New Area - Geological Climate Pudong New Area is located in Shanghai, the east bank of the Huangpu River, Pudong, from which the name comes. It is adjacent to the old district of Shanghai in the west. In the north, it is at the mouth of Wusong River, where the Huangpu River joins the Yangtze River, and in the east, it is at the mouth of the Yangtze River, with 65 kilometers of coastline. Among them, Waigaoqiao is a natural deep-water harbor facing the river and the sea. The terrain in the territory is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with the ground elevation ranging from 3.5 meters to 4.5 meters, with a few areas reaching more than 5 meters (1.8%), and an average elevation of 3.87 meters (Wusong zero point). The stratum of Pudong New Area is the alluvial layer of the Yangtze River. It is formed by the continuous accumulation of sediment entrained by the Yangtze River under the interaction of waves and tides of the river and the sea with a certain flow rate. The topography is slightly triangular from Wusongkou to the southeast. Pudong New Area is located in the coastal area where the East Asian monsoon prevails at the southern edge of the northern subtropical zone, and has an oceanic climate with four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation, sufficient light and moderate temperature. The average annual precipitation in Pudong New Area is about 1100 millimeters, with about 131 rainy days. Precipitation mainly consists of spring rain, plum rain, fall rain, heavy rain, snow and frost. Pudong New Area - Natural ResourcesLand and Mudflat ResourcesZhoushan Fishing GroundPudong New Area covers an administrative area of more than 533 square kilometers, and is currently about 20% urbanized and 80% rural. In addition, Pudong New Area is rich in marine mud resources. The northern section of the beach along the river and sea in Pudong New Area, from Gongchang Harbor to Jiangjiazhai, is 4,000 meters long and 300 meters wide, with an average elevation of more than 7 meters and a total area of about 134 hectares. This section is on the east coast of Wusongkou and is a high sandy beach formed by blowing mud. The middle section is 24 kilometers long from the old seashore to Sanjia Harbor, the beach is narrow and unstable, there are hundreds of hectares of rice planting grass, hundreds of hectares of reed land, the area of the beach above 2 meters is about 334 hectares, and the area of the beach above 3 meters is several hundred hectares, which is distributed in a sporadic manner. The southern section of 37 kilometers of mudflats, mudflats wide, and every year outward tens of meters, mudflats abound in rice grass, reeds, and can be surrounded by the land. Marine resources since ancient times, the coastal residents of Pudong New Area, near the beach nets, sea fishing, a long history. Near the natural conditions of the river near the sea, conducive to the development of marine fisheries production, the nearest to the coast of the new area is the early development of the Yangtze River fishing grounds, fishing grounds terrain from northwest to southeast tilt, the north in the southeast protruding slightly like the Ganoderma lucidum-shaped mouth of the Yangtze River on the sandy beaches, the terrain is flat, the slope is gentle, the depth of water is generally not more than 60 meters, the substrate to the powdered sandy clay, soft clay and clayey soft clay is dominated by the fishery is in the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River Because the fishing ground is at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River, the water quality is fertile and the bait organisms are abundant. Pudong New Area to the country's largest fishery in Zhoushan, aircraft sailing fishing can be reached in just ten hours. These two fishing grounds are the main aquatic products: scallop (winter season), pomfret, eel, jellyfish, pike crabs, large and small yellowtail (spring and summer season), herring, squid, Ge's long arm shrimp, Hashi's imitation shrimp, eagle claw brown shrimp, Zhou's new shrimp. Wildlife resources Pudong New Area wildlife veterinary species. Rats, brown house mice, small house mice, iron rats, throughout the district. Otters, rare. Bats, day and night to prey on mosquitoes and gnats, throughout the district. Yellow weasel (commonly known as weasel), burrowing, bamboo gardens and fields are there. Hog badger, burrowing in the grave mound, mound, after 50 years of land leveling has been rare. Tiger, according to old records, the county high bridge Baoshan and the old guard pond side of the six troupes of land, the Ming Dynasty, there is a tiger. After no discovery. Birds. Geese, swallows, mallard (a mallard), pheasants (a pheasant), quail (also raised), pigeons (also raised), finches, turtledoves (commonly known as pidgeons), cuckoos, paintbrush, white-headed, cormorant (fishermen have raised), oriole (commonly known as yellow warbler), woodpecker crows, ravens, magpies, cuckoos, storks (the old records, today has been rare). Fish (shellfish). Freshwater fish in the river in the former Chuansha County include grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp, dolphin, whitebait, perch, pond fish, mullet, bycatch, eel, eel, and loach. Shellfish include snails, yellow clams, triangular sail mussels, pleated crown mussels, and dorsal horn toothless mussels. Amphibians and Reptiles. Amphibians include frogs, golden-line frogs (commonly known as Jiangbei field fowl), rain frogs (commonly known as splash field fowl), toads, and so on. Reptiles include turtles, soft-shelled turtles (commonly known as turtle), green-tipped snakes, weighing star snakes, four-legged snakes, red-coated snakes, locust cavity snakes (viviparous, highly venomous), geckos, and so on. The annelids are earthworms (commonly known as curlews), leeches (commonly known as locusts), snails, and so on. Insects. Wild silkworms, bees (a variety of species, hornets are large, bees are mostly domesticated), crickets, praying mantis, cicadas, mayflies, grasshoppers, bean halter, butterflies, inchworms, contractions (commonly known as the rice tube worm), aspen (larvae for the wood in the moth), spotted contractions (commonly known as the bean oxen, which can be used in medicine), fireflies, ground beetles, ants, gadflies, dragonflies, centipedes (commonly known as the hundred-footed, which can be used as a medicine), flies, tigers, hippocampi, wall money (commonly known as wall), flies (there are three kinds of flies, fly, golden fly , hemp chestnut fly, spreading disease, for the harm of its intense), mosquitoes (flower mosquitoes, yellow mosquitoes, gray mosquitoes, black mosquitoes a variety of species, are disease vectors of pests). Pudong New Area wild plants trees. There are acacia, cedar, willow, soap horn, holly, sandalwood, maple poplar, mulberry, Tsuge Park, branch poplar, elm (commonly known as zelkova elm), poplar, cypress, kozo (commonly known as hub tree), simaroubaceae (stinking tsubaki), neem (fruit can be used as medicine, the name of the golden bells), catalpa (commonly known as the chicken bone tree, carving store with the), ginkgo (commonly known as the male grandparents tree, the original Chuansha territory of the ancient hundreds of years of age ginkgo more than a tree), Wu-tung. (A Qingtong, no knots, straight. Since ancient times: & ldquo; Autumn is a leaf first fall, each branch of twelve leaves, each side of the six leaves, from the bottom of the number, a leaf for a month, leap year thirteen leaves, depending on the smallest leaves, that is, to know the intercalary month & rdquo;). Bamboo category. There are Yanzhu, gold between Jasper bamboo, hedge bamboo, yellow Mushroom bamboo, purple bamboo, longevity bamboo, wind-tailed bamboo, flying white bamboo, bamboo, bamboo, bamboo (now a variety of species). Medicinal plants. Wild herbs, mainly Atractylodes macrocephala, Polygonum multiflorum, Calamus calamus, Ophiopogon flexuosus, Aromatica odorata, Pseudostelloria sinensis, Plantago asiatica, Tennantium tiannenensis, Cyclamen, Semen aristolochiae, Gallus gallus domesticus, Zanthoxylum spp, Golden lotus leaves, Wang Buliuhang, wolfberry, petunia, Ai, Xiaku Cao, verbena, white hairy vine, wear wear live (treatment of falls and injuries to the tendons, decoction of water fumigation), Cang Er Zi, green Penny, motherwort (to activate and regulate the menstruation, the efficacy of the very fast), Tian Xian Teng, fairy sitting on the leather (the four Li school leaves are evergreen, winter does not read, poisonous snake bites, pounded juice to drink, to the dregs of the paint, and immediately healed), Chasteberry, incense and bitter herbs, yesterday's leaves of lotus (born on the roof tiles, commonly known as the tile flower, nature of cold, can detoxification. Sex cold, can detoxify), castor beans, Zelan. Miscellaneous plants. Silk grass, sweet trees, king's broom, bushes, wild rice (wild wild wild rice), Ogi (born on the banks of the river, the seaside Chaitang most), dandelion, wild amaranth, Chuan Gu (commonly known as Bodhi Drabanemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosaemerosa), Cyperus rotundus, and so on. Pudong New Area - Economic Development Zone urbanized area gradually expanding to the east, the formation of four major national development zones: Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, and three other municipal development zones: Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone, Huaxia Cultural and Tourism Zone, Xinghuo Development Zone, Pudong New Area - Transportation Pudong New Area, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, which was fully operational in October 1997, and completed and opened in September 1999, is one of the largest airports in Shanghai. In September 1999, the airport was opened to the public. The world's first commercially available maglev train line runs between Pudong International Airport and Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Rail Transit Line 2. The tunnels and bridges connecting Pudong New Area, Chongming Island and Puxi road system include the Yangtze River Tunnel Bridge, Outer Ring Tunnel, Xiang Yin Road Tunnel, Military Road Tunnel, Yangpu Bridge, Dalian Road Tunnel, East Yan'an Road Tunnel, East Fuxing Road Tunnel, Nanpu Bridge, Lupu Bridge, Dapu Road Tunnel, and Xu Pu Bridge. Many other tunnels are under construction: Xinjian Road Tunnel, Renmin Road Tunnel, South Xizang Road Tunnel, Shangzhong Road Tunnel, Longyao Road Tunnel. Railway lines 2, 4 and 8 connect Pudong with Puxi, while rail line 6 connects the north and south of Pudong New Area, and lines 7, 8 phase 2 and 9 phase 2 are under construction. Pudong New Area - Education and Higher Education Institutions Pudong New Area is home to the China Academy of Art (Zhangjiang Campus), Fudan University (Zhangjiang Campus), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Shanghai Graduate School), Peking University (Shanghai Campus) and other nationally renowned institutions of higher education (all of which are located in the Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park), as well as institutions such as the Shanghai Maritime University, the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, the Shanghai Institute of Finance and the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), the Shanghai International Business School (SIBS), the Shanghai University of Technology (SIT), the Shanghai University of Finance (SUF) and the China Europe International Business School (SEIB). China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), Shanghai Sanda College and other newly built schools. Key High School directly under the Bureau of Secondary Education: The Second Affiliated High School of East China Normal University Demonstration High School: Shanghai Jianping High School, Shanghai Jincai High School, Shanghai Yangjing High School Other High Schools: Chuansha High School, Shangnan High School, Yangsi Senior High School, Sanlin High School, Gaoqiao High School, Dongchang High School, and so on. Pudong New Area - Tourist Green Park Century Park: is a large ecological city park, completed in 2000, located in Huamu Street, covering an area of 140.3 hectares. Riverside Forest Park: Located in the area where the Huangpu River joins the mouth of the Yangtze River. It has naturally formed sub-ecological landscape and plant communities. Lujiazui Center green space famous landscape Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower Jinmao Tower Shanghai World Financial Center Pudong New Area - merger of two districts May 06, 2009 China's State Council replied to agree to the merger of the two districts of Shanghai Nanhui Pudong Shanghai, May 6, 2009 (Jiang Yu Ye Chenliang) Shanghai Municipal Government Spokesman Chen Qiwei disclosed at a regular press conference today that China's State Council has approved, agreed to withdraw the administrative area of Shanghai Nanhui, and merge it into Shanghai Nanhui The State Council has approved the abolition of Shanghai Nanhui administrative area and its incorporation into Shanghai Pudong New Area. According to Chen Qiwei, the Pudong New Area has an area of 532.75 square kilometers, a population of 194.29 million, and a GDP of 315.99 billion yuan in 2008, while Nanhui District has an area of 677.66 square kilometers, a population of 74.33 million, and a GDP of 54.08 billion yuan last year. After the merger of the two districts, the new Pudong will have an area of 1,210.41 square kilometers and a population of 268.6 million. According to Chen Qiwei, the merger of the two districts has officially begun. Pudong New Area - Highland of Headquarters EconomyAfter more than 10 years of development, Shanghai Pudong New Area has begun to show the scale of multinational companies' regional headquarters. Pudong has become a headquarters economic highland with international competitiveness, and is the region with the most concentrated headquarters, the widest radiation area and the strongest service capacity in mainland China. As of May this year, there have been 164 multinational companies regional headquarters settled in Pudong, occupying 50% of the city. “Twelfth Five-Year ” period, Pudong will further increase the degree of concentration of headquarters. The overall goal is: to encourage multinational corporations regional headquarters in Pudong to set up investment, management, R & D, operations, product services, settlement and other centers, the next five years, the average annual introduction of multinational corporations regional headquarters of not less than 15, & ldquo; Twelfth Five-Year & rdquo; period of the proposed introduction of nearly one hundred headquarters, continue to maintain 50% of Shanghai. Pudong New Area's headquarters economy mainly presents several characteristics: First, the scale of investment continues to expand, economic contribution continues to grow to 2010, Pudong multinational corporations regional headquarters of the total accumulated registered capital has exceeded 8 billion U.S. dollars, annual operating income of more than 100 billion yuan, of which four headquarters of the Komatsu, IBM, Jiatong tires, Ingram Micro and other headquarters of more than 10 billion yuan in annual operating income; General Motors, Komatsu, Dow Corning and other multinational corporations in China to form part of the regional headquarters sales have accounted for its parent company's total global sales of 20% -30%. According to statistics, Pudong multinational corporations regional headquarters of the average registered capital of Pudong foreign-funded enterprises is more than 10 times the average, the economic contribution to the new area has reached the average of foreign-funded enterprises in the new area of 6 times. Second, the level of headquarters is constantly upgrading and the mode of operation is constantly innovating. With the improvement of China's role and position in the global economy and the attractiveness of the Chinese market, the level of regional headquarters of multinational companies in Pudong is constantly upgrading. The core position of serving the whole country and facing the world is constantly highlighted. The regional headquarters of multinational corporations in Pudong have invested 70% of their projects and 90% of their investment in various provinces, cities and regions across the country, playing an important role in serving the Yangtze River Delta and the whole country. At the same time, the management scope of the regional headquarters of multinational corporations in Pudong has been expanding, from the initial Yangtze River Delta to China, Greater China, Asia, Asia-Pacific and even the world. For example, IBM has created an emerging markets headquarters in Pudong, with a management area covering nearly 150 countries in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America; General Motors has set up an international operations department in Pudong, which is mainly responsible for coordinating and integrating the management of the business operations in Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The operational functions of the headquarters continue to expand. On the basis of the initial investment function and personnel, financial and logistic services, the functions of procurement, sales, settlement, fund management, R&D, maintenance and service outsourcing have been gradually increased, and some headquarters have also actively participated in various new business pilots, such as new international trade settlement and foreign currency fund pooling. The operation mode of the headquarters has been constantly innovated. Currently in Pudong has formed five models, respectively, to IBM, Baidu as the representative of the service trade and unified marketing-based integrated service model; General Electric, Delphi as the representative of the high-end product R & D-based & ldquo; reverse innovation & rdquo; mode; Ikea, Rui table and Ingram Micro as the representative of the commercial distribution and logistics distribution based on the trade center model; Komatsu, Shiseido, Fujifilm as the representative of the trade center model; Komatsu Fujifilm as the representative of the production management and centralized sales-oriented clearinghouse model; and General Motors, BASF as the representative of the integration of management, R & D, training, sales of a variety of functions in one of the integrated mode of operation. Third, the industrial cluster effect continues to strengthen, and innovation capacity continues to improve with the regional headquarters of the leading enterprises in the industrial chain settled in Pudong New Area, the upstream and downstream of the same industrial chain as well as its supporting the management headquarters of the enterprise groups and investment headquarters are gradually gathering each other. Through optimal allocation of resources, the headquarters promote the development of industrial clusters and related industries, and promote the formation of pillar industries such as automobile, biomedicine, fine chemicals, IT and communications in Pudong New Area. Taking the automobile industry as an example, with General Motors as the industry leader, Pudong has attracted 15 globally renowned headquarters of vehicle assembly, auto parts, R&D and other aspects, forming a complete industrial chain of design, manufacturing, automobile finance, training, maintenance services and so on. For the Chinese and global markets, a number of headquarters' R&D centers are clustered in Shanghai Pudong to carry out localized R&D innovations and expand their markets to the whole of China and even the whole world. Such as General Electric global R & D center in the field of energy, water treatment, transportation, medical and other areas, more than 10 R & D projects have been exported back to Europe and the United States; Delphi China Science and Technology R & D center has more than 700 engineers, developed a number of world-leading patented technology, widely used in other markets around the world. Multinational corporations headquartered in the concentration of R & D centers, effectively driving the enterprise R & D investment and innovation capacity. Last year alone, the R&D investment of foreign-funded enterprises in Pudong exceeded RMB 16 billion, and the number of patent applications and authorizations by foreign-funded enterprises also accounted for half of the total number of patent applications and authorizations in the region.