Chapter 1: General Provisions

Article 1: To continuously optimize the business environment, stimulate market vitality and social creativity, and promote the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the high-quality development of the Autonomous Region, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the State Council’s “Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment” and in light of the actual conditions of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Article 2 These Measures apply to the work of people’s governments at all levels within the administrative region of the Autonomous Region regarding the optimization of the business environment.

Article 3: The optimization of the business environment shall adhere to the principles of marketization, rule of law, and internationalization. It shall be guided by the needs of market entities, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, focus on a profound transformation of government functions, strive to enhance the capacity and quality of government services, minimize direct government allocation of market resources to the greatest extent possible, reduce institutional transaction costs, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable business environment for all types of market entities.

Article 4: People’s governments at all levels shall strengthen organizational leadership over the work of optimizing the business environment, formulate and implement policy measures for optimizing the business environment, establish and improve institutional mechanisms for optimizing the business environment, and coordinate the resolution of major issues arising in the work of optimizing the business environment.

Article 5 The development and reform department of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region is the competent authority for business environment optimization work in the Autonomous Region and is responsible for guiding, organizing, and coordinating such work. The working departments designated by the people’s governments (administrative offices) of prefectures, cities (prefectural-level cities), and counties (cities, districts) shall be specifically responsible for organizing and coordinating business environment optimization work.

Relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level—including market supervision and administration, industry and information technology, commerce, natural resources, housing and urban-rural development, and financial regulation—shall carry out work related to optimizing the business environment in accordance with their respective responsibilities.

Article 6: The Autonomous Region implements a system of periodic evaluations of the business environment.

The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region may, as needed, conduct evaluations of the business environment of lower-level people’s governments, or may entrust third-party evaluation agencies to do so. Prefectures, cities (prefectural-level cities), and counties (cities, districts) shall not organize or conduct evaluations of the business environment.

The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region is responsible for formulating the evaluation indicator system for the business environment of the Autonomous Region. Evaluation indicators and content shall fall within the scope of governmental authority of the evaluated regions and shall comprehensively consider factors such as the economic scale, population size, and number of market entities in the evaluation area. Relevant indicators, rules, standards, questionnaires, and other materials shall be made public in advance; local governments of the evaluated regions shall not interfere with market entities’ participation in evaluation surveys or their reporting of circumstances.

People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall utilize the results of business environment evaluations to continuously improve the business environment.

Article 7: The Autonomous Region shall establish a performance evaluation mechanism for business environment optimization. The principal responsible officials of governments and departments that fail to meet the evaluation standards shall be summoned for a formal discussion, and ordered to rectify the issues within a specified timeframe.

Units and individuals that achieve significant results in the work of optimizing the business environment shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant national and autonomous region regulations.

Article 8: The Autonomous Region shall establish a mechanism for tolerating errors in the optimization of the business environment.

For errors or deviations occurring during exploratory reforms to optimize the business environment within the framework of the rule of law, liability may be waived or mitigated if the relevant conditions are met.

Article 9: The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region and its relevant departments shall continuously optimize the investment environment, promote customs clearance facilitation, streamline and standardize port fees, leverage Xinjiang’s geographical advantages, elevate the level of opening-up, and advance the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Article 10: The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region and its relevant departments shall support national-level and autonomous-region-level industrial parks and development zones in deepening reforms, implement supportive policies for such parks and zones, and, within the framework of national laws and regulations, support them in piloting innovative measures to accelerate high-quality development.

Article 11. People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall provide favorable conditions for industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural industries that feature high farmer participation and broad benefits; implement preferential policies; and guide industrial and commercial capital to develop crop and livestock industries suitable for large-scale, intensive operations.

Chapter II: Market Environment

Article 12 The Autonomous Region shall, in accordance with the law, safeguard the lawful rights and interests of all types of market entities.

People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall not interfere with the normal production and business operations of market entities, nor shall they engage in acts that unlawfully infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of market entities.

Article 13: People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall protect the property rights of market entities and safeguard the personal and property safety of business operators in accordance with the law.

It is prohibited to impose administrative enforcement measures such as seizure, freezing, or confiscation on the property of market entities or the personal property of business operators in violation of statutory authority, conditions, or procedures; it is also prohibited to impose disguised charges or levies on market entities beyond what is prescribed by laws and regulations.

Where the government takes measures such as expropriation, requisition, or the amendment or revocation of administrative permits or commitments that have taken effect for the sake of national interests or public interests, it shall compensate market entities in accordance with the law.

Article 14: All types of market entities shall, in accordance with the law, enjoy equal access to national and autonomous region policies supporting development; they shall have fair access to various factors of production, including capital, technology, human resources, and land use rights; and they shall enjoy the right to fair treatment in public resource transactions such as project applications, financing activities, government procurement, and bidding.

Article 15. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall improve mechanisms for protecting the rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors and enhance the convenience for such investors to safeguard their lawful rights and interests.

Article 16. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall promote the use of electronic business licenses, electronic invoices, and electronic seals, and optimize services for the automatic deduction and payment of social insurance premiums and housing provident fund contributions.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall implement the “separation of licenses and business registration” reform measures and advance this reform in depth through methods such as directly canceling approvals, converting approvals to filing requirements, implementing a notification and commitment system, and optimizing approval services.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall simplify the registration procedures for enterprises establishing branches, relax restrictions on business premises for micro and small enterprises and individual businesses, advance the “one license, multiple locations” and “one location, multiple licenses” reforms, and reduce operating costs.

No entity or individual may create obstacles for enterprises changing their registered addresses or relocating across regions. Unless otherwise provided by laws, regulations, or rules, valid permits held by market entities shall not be reissued after relocation. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall facilitate enterprises in changing their registered addresses across regions and shall process change registration procedures in a timely manner in accordance with the law.

Article 17. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall continue to relax market access, strictly implement the nationally unified negative list system for market access, and comprehensively review and rectify policy documents that violate market access management regulations.

In fields not covered by the market access negative list, all types of market entities may enter on an equal footing in accordance with the law.

Article 18. Market supervision and administration departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall intensify anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement in accordance with the law. They shall investigate and handle, in accordance with the law, illegal acts such as suspected unfair competition—including the conclusion of monopoly agreements and the abuse of market dominance—as well as the abuse of administrative power to exclude or restrict competition.

Article 19. The human resources and social security departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall improve the talent mobility and allocation mechanism, which integrates government macro-regulation, fair market competition, autonomous hiring by employers, autonomous career choice by individuals, and integrity-based services by human resources service agencies. They shall facilitate talent mobility channels, improve talent mobility services, and standardize the order of talent mobility.

The human resources and social security department of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall, based on the demand for various types of talent arising from national strategies such as the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the Western Development Strategy, the construction of the “Three Bases and One Corridor,” and targeted assistance to Xinjiang, formulate and improve the Autonomous Region’s annual survey and statistical directory of urgently needed and scarce talent and release it in a timely manner to provide guidance for attracting and cultivating talent.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, establish incentive mechanisms for innovative talent, improve specific measures and reward systems for attracting new talent and retaining existing talent, and provide service guarantees for their work, study, and daily life.

Article 20. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall improve support and incentive measures for entrepreneurship and innovation, enhance the environment for entrepreneurship and innovation, implement incubation services for entrepreneurship and innovation, increase fiscal support, encourage market entities to expand their scope for innovation, and fully leverage the role of market entities in scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Article 21: Government-established funds, enterprise-related security deposits, enterprise-related administrative and public service charges, and government-priced business service charges established in accordance with the law shall be managed through a catalog system. Except as listed in the catalog, no entity may charge enterprises or other market entities any fees when performing administrative management or providing public services.

Departments such as finance and development and reform under people’s governments at or above the county level shall promptly compile and revise the catalog and make it public.

Article 22. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall support the development of the financial sector, encourage financial institutions to innovate financial products, provide convenient financing services to private enterprises and small, medium, and micro enterprises, broaden financing channels, and reduce overall financing costs.

Article 23. Public utility enterprises and institutions, including those providing water, electricity, gas, heating, drainage and sewage treatment, telecommunications, and postal services, shall publicly disclose information such as service scope, service standards, service procedures, processing timelines, and fee schedules; simplify application procedures, optimize processing workflows, and reduce application costs; and provide market entities with safe, convenient, stable, and reasonably priced services.

Market entities shall not be forced to accept unreasonable conditions through means such as designated transactions or delayed services, nor shall unreasonable fees be charged under any pretext.

Departments responsible for development and reform, urban management, postal administration, and telecommunications administration shall, in accordance with their respective duties, strengthen supervision and management of the operations and services of public utilities and enterprises providing water, electricity, gas, telecommunications, and postal services.

Article 24: Industry associations and chambers of commerce shall, in accordance with laws, regulations, and their charters, strengthen industry guidance and self-regulation, promptly reflect industry concerns, and provide market entities with services such as information consultation, publicity and training, market expansion, rights protection, and dispute resolution. They shall also enhance research, analysis, and forecasting of industry trends, and convey opinions and suggestions regarding the interests of enterprises and the industry to relevant people’s governments and departments.

Unless otherwise provided by laws and regulations, industry associations and chambers of commerce shall not compel or indirectly compel market entities to join, nor shall they charge fees in violation of laws and regulations.

Article 25. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall intensify efforts to protect intellectual property rights, strengthen the construction of intellectual property protection systems, establish and improve mechanisms for the diversified resolution of intellectual property disputes and rights protection assistance, enhance cross-regional cooperation in intellectual property law enforcement, protect the legitimate rights and interests of intellectual property rights holders and related rights holders on an equal footing, and pursue legal liability in accordance with the law for acts of intellectual property infringement.

Article 26. Market regulation departments and other relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall implement centralized acceptance of applications from enterprises for the cancellation of business licenses, tax registrations, social insurance registrations, customs registrations, and other related procedures. Relevant departments shall process these applications simultaneously by category and complete them in a single step, thereby optimizing the enterprise cancellation process, streamlining application materials, reducing processing time, lowering cancellation costs, and facilitating the lawful cancellation of enterprises. For the cancellation of enterprises that have not commenced operations after establishment or enterprises with no outstanding debts or claims, simplified procedures may be applied.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall strengthen cooperation with judicial authorities, establish a coordination and linkage mechanism for enterprise bankruptcy disposal, and, in accordance with the law, comprehensively advance work related to business coordination, information provision, livelihood protection, and risk prevention during bankruptcy proceedings. They shall support market-oriented debt restructuring in accordance with the law and promptly coordinate the resolution of issues arising during the enterprise bankruptcy process.

Chapter III: Administrative Environment

Article 27: People’s governments at all levels shall improve and optimize administrative services to foster a market-oriented, rule-of-law-based, and international business environment. They shall strengthen the development of a service-oriented government, transform government functions, enhance administrative efficiency, and achieve standardization, digitization, and convenience in administrative services. This will provide market entities with efficient, standardized, and convenient administrative services and create an efficient and transparent administrative environment.

The administrative service management department of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall establish the Autonomous Region’s 12345 Platform based on the integrated online government service platform, enabling functions such as multi-channel case acceptance, business management, early warning and supervision, performance evaluation, statistical analysis, and voice and text messaging.

People’s Governments (Administrative Offices) of prefectures and cities (prefectural-level regions) shall establish 12345 hotlines within their respective administrative regions in accordance with the autonomous region’s unified construction standards and functional requirements, and provide services to the public in a unified manner.

Article 28. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with national standards and within their respective jurisdictions, formulate standardized workflows and procedural guidelines for administrative service matters based on the requirements to reduce procedures, documentation, and processing times. These guidelines shall clearly define the conditions for handling administrative service matters, required materials, processing procedures and timelines, and provisions for accepting applications with missing documents. This ensures the standardization of codes, names,basis, procedures, and types across the three-tier government system (autonomous region, prefecture, and county), ensuring uniform acceptance and standardized processing, and promptly making this information public.

Article 29: People’s governments at or above the county level shall improve the construction of government service venues and implement centralized handling of government service matters. Matters in the government service list that are processed upon application shall be assigned to government service venues at various levels according to requirements and classifications, and shall be handled in accordance with laws and regulations based on the principles of comprehensive front-desk acceptance, categorized back-office approval, and unified window issuance of certificates.

County-level people’s governments shall promote the convenience of approval services, strengthen the construction of township (subdistrict) convenience service centers and village (community) service stations, and promote the comprehensive extension of government services to the grassroots level.

Article 30. The People’s Government of the Autonomous Region shall accelerate the improvement of the functions of the region-wide integrated online government service platform.

Relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall integrate their administrative service systems with the integrated online government service platform, promote interconnection and data sharing, and achieve “one-stop online processing.”

Government service matters shall be incorporated into the integrated online government service platform for processing in accordance with relevant national regulations, except where otherwise provided by laws or regulations or where state secrets are involved.

The Autonomous Region shall, relying on the integrated online government service platform and government service agencies at all levels, promote the “intra-regional processing” and “inter-provincial processing” of government service matters.

Article 31. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall promptly upload government data generated by their departments to the integrated online government service platform and provide data-sharing services; they shall establish and improve cybersecurity and data protection measures to ensure the security of shared data.

Article 32. People’s governments at or above the county level shall deepen reforms of the investment approval system, standardize investment approval procedures, streamline approval requirements, simplify technical review matters, and implement concurrent online processing with relevant approvals.

For non-classified enterprise investment projects, project approval and filing shall be accepted, processed, supervised, and serviced online through the National Online Approval and Supervision Platform for Investment Projects, ensuring that the processes and outcomes of approval and filing are queryable and subject to oversight. Where enterprises submit investment project applications offline, the competent industry authorities shall accept them and assist the enterprises in entering the information into the Online Approval and Supervision Platform for Investment Projects and other relevant platforms.

Article 33. The people’s governments (administrative offices) of the autonomous region, prefectures, and cities (prefectural-level divisions) shall, in accordance with relevant national regulations, optimize the approval processes for construction projects (excluding special projects and major projects in the fields of transportation, water conservancy, and energy), implement concurrent approval, integrated planning, joint review of multiple drawings, integrated surveying, regional assessment, and joint acceptance, streamline approval procedures and items, and improve the efficiency of approvals.

Article 34. Relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall standardize intermediary services for administrative approvals in accordance with the principles of legality, necessity, and streamlining; compile a catalog of such intermediary service items; and make it public. Intermediary service items for administrative approvals that lack a statutory basis shall not be used as conditions for processing administrative approvals.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall not restrict or indirectly restrict intermediary service providers outside their administrative regions from providing intermediary services to market entities within their administrative regions. Market entities have the right to independently select intermediary service providers, and administrative agencies shall not designate or indirectly designate intermediary service providers for market entities.

When administrative agencies need to commission intermediary service providers to perform technical services during the administrative approval process, they shall select such providers through competitive procedures and bear the service costs themselves; these costs shall not be passed on to market entities.

Intermediary service providers shall clearly define the conditions, procedures, time limits, and fee standards for providing intermediary services for statutory administrative approvals, make such information publicly available, and shall not charge fees in violation of laws or regulations.

Article 35. Matters requiring proof shall have a basis in laws and regulations. Relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level shall publicly release a list of such matters; market entities shall not be required to provide proof for matters not included in the list.

When market entities apply to relevant departments of people’s governments at or above the county level for administrative matters, such departments may, in writing (including electronic text), provide applicants with a one-time notification of the obligation to provide proof, the content of such proof, and the legal liability for making false commitments. If the applicant provides a written commitment stating that they have met the relevant requirements as notified and are willing to bear the legal liability for making false commitments, the relevant departments shall no longer require the market entity to provide the relevant proof.

Article 36. Real estate registration authorities shall provide online and on-site self-service inquiry services for real estate registration information, shorten the processing time for real estate registration, and optimize the registration process. They shall strengthen collaboration with departments such as taxation, public security, civil affairs, housing and urban-rural development, and social security, as well as with financial institutions, to achieve information sharing, one-stop acceptance, and centralized services.

Article 37. People’s governments at all levels and relevant departments shall establish a regular communication mechanism between government and enterprises. Through methods such as symposiums, questionnaires, proactive visits, online feedback collection, and big data analysis, they shall listen to the opinions and concerns of market entities and assist them in resolving difficulties and issues in production and operations in accordance with the law.

During the process of communication between people’s governments at all levels, relevant departments, and market entities, no information involving state secrets, trade secrets, public security, or personal privacy shall be disclosed; normal production and business operations of market entities shall not be interfered with; and no additional burdens shall be imposed on market entities.

Article 38. People’s governments at all levels, relevant departments, and public institutions shall establish a mechanism of “government commitment + social supervision + accountability for breach of trust” in key areas such as project investment, government procurement, bidding and tendering, and social management, and shall fully fulfill the administrative actions lawfully undertaken toward market entities.

When participating in civil activities as civil entities, people’s governments at all levels, relevant departments, and public institutions shall respect the civil entity status of the other market entity and exercise rights, fulfill obligations, and assume responsibilities on an equal footing.

People’s governments at all levels, as well as relevant departments and public institutions, shall not require market entities to accept unreasonable transaction terms such as payment deadlines, methods, or liability for breach of contract; nor shall they default on payments for goods, construction projects, or services owed to market entities. They shall explore the establishment of a mechanism to restrain and penalize the non-payment of accounts, and prevent and rectify the issue of overdue payments to market entities through budget management, performance evaluations, audit supervision, and credit sanctions.

Article 39. People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish a system for evaluating and providing feedback on government services, whereby market entities may evaluate the performance of government service agencies and their staff in handling government service matters. Government service agencies shall establish a closed-loop working mechanism covering the entire process, including verification, feedback, supervision, rectification, re-examination, and follow-up evaluation.

Chapter IV: Legal Environment

Article 40. Government regulations and administrative normative documents closely related to the production and business operations of market entities shall not be submitted for collective deliberation if they fail to solicit opinions from market entities and industry associations or chambers of commerce as required, undergo a fair competition review, or undergo a legality review, or if they are found to be unlawful upon review.

Administrative organs shall, in accordance with statutory authority and procedures, promptly evaluate and streamline government regulations and administrative normative documents concerning market entities, and publish the results of such streamlining to the public.

Article 41. People’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with national regulations, implement integrated administrative law enforcement in relevant fields such as market regulation, ecological and environmental protection, transportation, agriculture, and the cultural market; integrate law enforcement teams and entities; streamline law enforcement tiers; ensure adequate investment in personnel, funding, and equipment for grassroots law enforcement; and enhance the capacity of grassroots administrative law enforcement.

Mechanisms for interdepartmental and cross-regional administrative law enforcement coordination, response, and collaboration shall be established and improved to achieve the sharing of leads on violations, the mutual recognition of regulatory standards, and the mutual acceptance of enforcement outcomes.

Article 42. Administrative law enforcement agencies shall, in accordance with relevant national regulations, fully implement the systems for publicizing administrative law enforcement, recording the entire process of administrative law enforcement, and legal review of major administrative law enforcement decisions.

People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall strengthen leadership over administrative law enforcement work. The principal officials of people’s governments at or above the county level and administrative law enforcement agencies at all levels shall be the primary persons responsible for the comprehensive implementation of the “Three Systems” in their respective regions and departments; they shall promptly study and resolve prominent issues arising during implementation and shall be responsible for the administrative law enforcement decisions made by their agencies.

Article 43. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the law, promptly adjust regulatory matters within the scope of responsibilities of governments and departments at all levels; clarify the regulatory entities, subjects, measures, legal basis, and handling methods; and incorporate them into the national “Internet Plus Regulation” system for unified management and dynamic updating.

Article 44: Except for special industries and key sectors as prescribed by the state, the “double random, one public” regulatory approach shall be fully implemented in the field of market regulation.

People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and improve a “double random, public disclosure” regulatory mechanism under the unified leadership of the government, led by market regulation departments, and supported by relevant departments; they shall refine the list of cross-departmental random inspection items, reasonably determine the frequency of random inspections based on the credit rating and risk level of the inspected entities, and publicly disclose the inspection results.

For special industries and key sectors directly related to public safety and the life and health of the people—such as food and drug safety, public safety, work safety, and ecological and environmental protection—the relevant administrative authorities shall implement key supervision in accordance with laws and regulations. Efforts shall be made to explore the establishment of a key supervision list system, strictly control the number of key supervision items, standardize key supervision procedures, and screen and identify production and business entities subject to key supervision to implement follow-up supervision and direct guidance.

Article 45. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the principle of encouraging innovation, implement tolerant and prudent regulation of new technologies, new industries, new business models, and new forms of business. They shall strengthen research into the development patterns of emerging phenomena, tailor regulatory rules and standards by category, allow sufficient room for development, ensure quality and safety, promote integrated online and offline regulation, and unify law enforcement standards and criteria.

Article 46. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, incorporate information on violations by market entities, public utilities, intermediary institutions, industry associations, and chambers of commerce into the credit information disclosure system, credit information sharing platforms, and integrity records, and shall take punitive measures such as public exposure of dishonest conduct and joint disciplinary actions (credit warnings) in accordance with the law.

Article 47. People’s governments at or above the county level are encouraged to establish a system of business environment supervisors. They may appoint deputies to the People’s Congress, members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, members of democratic parties, representatives of the Federation of Industry and Commerce, non-partisan individuals, heads of social organizations, lawyers, experts and scholars, as well as representatives of market entities and urban and rural residents to serve as business environment supervisors to assist in supervising the optimization of the business environment.

Article 48. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall establish and improve mechanisms for handling complaints and protecting rights regarding the business environment, utilizing systems and platforms such as the “12345” service hotline to ensure unimpeded channels for market entities to voice their concerns.

For complaints and rights protection matters falling within the jurisdiction of the relevant department, they shall be handled and responded to within the prescribed time limits; for matters beyond their authority, the department shall explain the situation to the complainant and may forward the matter to the relevant department on their behalf, while ensuring confidentiality for whistleblowers and complainants.

Article 49. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall promote the establishment and improvement of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism featuring organic integration and mutual coordination among mediation, arbitration, administrative adjudication, administrative reconsideration, and litigation. They shall support the development of industry-specific and professional people’s mediation organizations and commercial arbitration institutions to provide market entities with efficient and convenient avenues for dispute resolution.

Article 50. People’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall strengthen the dissemination of laws, regulations, rules, policy documents, and typical cases related to optimizing the business environment; they shall respond promptly to issues raised through public opinion oversight; and they shall foster a sound legal environment conducive to optimizing the business environment.

Article 51. People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall integrate public legal service resources, including those related to legal counsel, notary services, judicial appraisal, mediation, and arbitration, accelerate the development of the public legal service system, comprehensively enhance the capacity and quality of public legal services, and provide comprehensive legal services to optimize the business environment.

Article 52. Where people’s governments at all levels, relevant departments, or their staff fail to perform their duties in accordance with the law as prescribed by these Measures, or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of market entities, they shall be held accountable in accordance with laws and regulations.

Article 53. Where market entities, public utilities, intermediary institutions, industry associations, chambers of commerce, and other entities violate laws, regulations, or other relevant provisions and thereby harm the business environment, the competent departments shall order them to rectify such violations and hold them legally liable in accordance with the law.

Chapter V: Supplementary Provisions

Article 54. These Measures shall come into effect on October 1, 2021.